From ScienceDaily

Onion extract may improve high blood sugar and cholesterol

Date:

March 6, 2015

Source:

The Endocrine Society

Summary:

The extract of onion bulb, Allium cepa, strongly lowered high blood glucose (sugar) and total cholesterol levels in diabetic rats when given with the antidiabetic drug metformin, according to a new study.

The extract of onion bulb, Allium cepa, strongly lowered high blood glucose (sugar) and total cholesterol levels in diabetic rats when given with the antidiabetic drug metformin, according to a new study. The study results will be presented Thursday at The Endocrine Society's 97th annual meeting in San Diego.

"Onion is cheap and available and has been used as a nutritional supplement," said lead investigator Anthony Ojieh, MBBS (MD), MSc, of Delta State University in Abraka, Nigeria. "It has the potential for use in treating patients with diabetes."
To three groups of rats with medically induced diabetes, Ojieh and his colleagues gave metformin and varying doses of onion extract--200, 400 and 600 milligrams per kilograms of body weight daily (mg/kg/day)--to see if it would enhance the drug's effects. They also gave metformin and onion extract to three groups of nondiabetic rats with normal blood sugar, for comparison. Two control groups, one nondiabetic and one diabetic, received neither metformin nor onion extract. Another two groups (one with diabetes, one without) received only metformin and no onion extract. Each group contained five rats.
Two doses of onion extract, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day, strongly reduced fasting blood sugar levels in diabetic rats by 50 percent and 35 percent, respectively, compared with "baseline" levels at the start of the study before the rodents received onion extract, Ojieh reported.
Allium cepa also reportedly lowered the total cholesterol level in diabetic rats, with the two larger doses again having the greatest effects.
Onion extract led to an increase in average weight among nondiabetic rats but not diabetic rats.
"Onion is not high in calories," Ojieh said. "However, it seems to increase the metabolic rate and, with that, to increase the appetite, leading to an increase in feeding."
Histologic study of the pancreas removed from each diabetic rat showed that neither metformin nor onion extract healed the damage that resulted from the drug-caused diabetes.
"We need to investigate the mechanism by which onion brought about the blood glucose reduction," Ojieh said. "We do not yet have an explanation."
The onion extract used for the experiment was a crude preparation from onion bulb, which is available in the local market. If this were to be administered to humans, it would usually be purified so that only the active ingredients would be quantified for adequate dosing, Ojieh said.

Copy from ScienceDaily

---

Safer drug combination found for patients with high-risk atrial fibrillation

Date:

March 6, 2015

Source:

University of Missouri-Columbia

Summary:

Use of a newer blood thinner significantly decreased the risk of strokes for patients with atrial fibrillation who require an anticoagulant and the heart rhythm medication amiodarone, a new study has found.

---

Patients with high-risk atrial fibrillation, or AFib, often require one drug to regulate heart rhythm and a second drug to thin their blood and reduce the risk of stroke. A recent study led by a University of Missouri School of Medicine cardiologist found that use of a newer blood thinner significantly decreased the risk of strokes for patients with AFib who require both types of medication.

Although the anticoagulant warfarin has been the standard of care since the 1940s, more recent advancements in blood-thinning medication led to the development of the drug apixaban. The 2011 ARISTOTLE trial, conducted internationally, found that patients with atrial fibrillation taking apixaban had fewer strokes than those taking warfarin.
Greg Flaker, M.D., the Wes and Simone Sorenson Chair in Cardiovascular Research at the MU School of Medicine, directed a team of researchers who recently reviewed data from the ARISTOTLE trial.
Flaker's study indicated that the rate of stroke or blood clot to the body was 39 percent lower in those patients taking the amiodrarone-apixiban drug combination, compared to taking the amiodarone-warfarin combination.
"Although warfarin works very well for most patients who take it, we know that it can be a difficult medication to regulate ? especially when combining it with another drug," Flaker said. "About 30 percent of patients taking warfarin experience fluctuations in blood thickness, depending on how warfarin is metabolized by the individual. Interaction with another drug, such as amiodarone, also affects how warfarin is metabolized."
"Amiodarone is a common and effective drug used to normalize irregular heart rhythm caused by atrial fibrillation," Flaker said. "However, because clotting is a complication associated with the condition, an anticoagulant or blood thinner is frequently used to reduce that possibility. Warfarin has been used as a blood thinner in this capacity for quite some time."
Flaker, a member of the Steering Committee for the earlier ARISTOTLE clinical trial, and his research team reviewed data from that trial in their study.
"Our study mirrored the ARISTOTLE trial in that apixaban proved to be a better blood -thinning medication for all patients with atrial fibrillation," Flaker said. "We looked at the specific drug combination of apixaban and amiodarone. We found that if you had atrial fibrillation and were taking amiodarone to control your heart rhythm, your stroke risk would be higher if you took warfarin than if you took apixaban."
"Certainly there are factors such as cost, physician preference and patient decision-making that affect what drug we use to reduce stroke risks," Flaker said. "The good news for AFib patients is that there is a very good alternative to warfarin for their physicians to consider when developing care strategies for patients with high-risk atrial fibrillation."
The study led by Flaker recently was published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, a publication of the American College of Cardiology Foundation.